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The "Intersubjective Turn" and the Question of Subject in Contemporary Anthropology: A Review Article
Author(s) -
Aleksandar Bošković
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
campos - revista de antropologia social
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2317-6830
pISSN - 1519-5538
DOI - 10.5380/cam.v2i0.1574
Subject(s) - existentialism , subject (documents) , subjectivity , epistemology , sociology , philosophy , humanities , psychoanalysis , psychology , library science , computer science
Nocoes relacionadas ao "self" e a subjectividade inspiram diferentes respostas e diferentes estrategias teoricas para sua compreensao. Em seu livro relativamente recente (Minima Ethnographica, 1999), Michael Jackson postula toda uma nova teoria baseada no aspecto existential e fenomenologico das relacoes – nao apenas entre individuos, mas tambem entre nacoes, pessoas e varios grupos. O artigo apresenta um sumario e uma analise desta teoria, comparando-a a alguns trabalhos recentes sobre individualidade “transcendente” (Nigel Rapport, Transcendent Individual, 1997), assim como a algumas perspectivas nao-tao-recentes, mas ainda extremamente viaveis (Mauss, Levi-Strauss). O artigo aponta para alguns problemas com a “volta intersubjetiva,” especialmente em que ela requer que se aceite previamente todo o conjunto de premissas filosoficas nas quais ela se baseia. Mas o que acontece quando nao se aceita estas premissas? Sugiro que a nocao de “subjetividade” poderia ser na verdade mais util – especialmente se limitada ao real contexto cultural em que e usada. Tambem sugiro que o que precisamos mais do que nunca na antropologia contemporânea e voltar nossa atencao as pessoas que estudamos e aos modos em que elas mesmas formulam e organizam o mundo em que todos vivemos. Abstract The notions related to the the “self” and subjectivity inspire different responses and different strategies. In his relatively recent book (Minima Ethnographica, 1999) Michael Jackson postulates a whole new theory based on the existential/phenomenological framework of relationships – not only between individuals, but also between nations, peoples and various groups. The article presents a summary and an analysis of this theory, comparing it to some recent works about “transcending” individuality (Nigel Rapport, Transcendent Individual, 1997), as well as to some not-so-recent, but still extremely viable approaches (Mauss, Levi-Strauss). The article points to some problems with the “intersubjective turn,” especially inasmuch it requires that one accepts (in advance) the whole set of philosophical premises on which it is based. But what happens when one does not accept these premises? I suggest that the notion of “subjectivity” could be actually a more useful one – especially if limited to the actual cultural context where it is used. I also suggest that what we need more than ever in contemporary anthropology is turning our attention to the people we study and the ways in which they themselves formulate and organize the world we all live in.

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