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Etudier, Mesurer et Manipuler la Classe Sociale en Psychologie Sociale: Approches Economiques, Symboliques et Culturelles [Studying, Measuring and Manipulating Social Class in Social Psychology: Economic, Symbolic and Cultural Approaches]
Author(s) -
Sébastien Goudeau,
Frédérique Autin,
JeanClaude Croizet
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
international review of social psychology
Language(s) - French
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.251
H-Index - 18
ISSN - 2397-8570
DOI - 10.5334/irsp.52
Subject(s) - socialization , psychology , context (archaeology) , sociology , social psychology , class (philosophy) , social class , feeling , humanities , epistemology , paleontology , philosophy , political science , law , biology
Until recently, social class has been rarely studied in psychology, and when it was taken into account it was rather as a control demographic variable than as a variable of interest. The aim of this paper is to propose an integrated review of recent research in social psychology that examines how social class influences psychological functioning and behavior. This literature conceptualizes social class as a context of socialization that modulates access to resources, which shapes individuals ways of thinking, feeling and acting. We present three approaches that respectively focus on three distinct aspects of the social class context – economic, symbolic or cultural resources – and describe how these resources impact attentional focus, orientation towards the self or the environment and ways to define oneself as an individual. We review the supporting empirical evidence sustaining these approaches and discuss the relevance of the indicators used to measure social class (income, employment, level of education, perceived rank). Finally, we argue that an experimental social psychology of social class is particularly needed as it allows, through the manipulation of processes, to identify the mechanisms by which social class influences psychological functioning and behavior. Resume Jusqu’a recemment, la classe sociale etait peu etudiee en psychologie, et lorsqu’elle etait prise en compte, c’etait plutot comme une variable demographique a controler que comme variable d’interet. L’objectif de cet article est de presenter une revue integree des recherches recentes sur la classe sociale en psychologie sociale qui examinent la facon dont la classe sociale influence le fonctionnement psychologique et le comportement. Cette litterature concoit la classe sociale comme un contexte de socialisation modulant l’acces a des ressources, ce qui faconne les manieres de penser, de ressentir et d’agir des individus. Nous presentons trois approches qui se distinguent en se focalisant sur trois aspects differents du contexte de classe sociale – les ressources economiques, symboliques ou culturelles – et leurs consequences en termes de processus psychosociaux – focalisation attentionnelle, orientation vers le soi ou l’environnement ou facons de se definir comme individu. La presentation de ces trois approches et des processus psychosociaux associes nous amenera egalement a discuter des indicateurs utilises pour mesurer la classe sociale (revenus, emploi, niveau d’education, rang percu). Enfin nous argumenterons comment une psychologie sociale des classes sociales permet, notamment par le recours a la manipulation des processus, une identification precise des mecanismes par lesquels la classe sociale influence le fonctionnement psychologique et le comportement.

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