Carbon Black Morphology: I. Particle Microstructure. II. Automated EM Analysis of Aggregate Size and Shape
Author(s) -
W. M. Hess,
L. L. Ban,
G. C. McDonald
Publication year - 1969
Publication title -
rubber chemistry and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.522
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1943-4804
pISSN - 0035-9475
DOI - 10.5254/1.3539291
Subject(s) - carbon black , paracrystalline , graphite , materials science , microstructure , aggregate (composite) , crystallite , composite material , carbon fibers , electron microscope , particle (ecology) , particle size , morphology (biology) , chemical engineering , crystallography , chemistry , optics , metallurgy , composite number , natural rubber , physics , geology , oceanography , engineering , paleontology
Carbon black particle and aggregate microstructure were studied in detail by means of high resolution electron microscopy. Improved instrumental and environmental conditions have enabled more detailed studies on the size, orientation, and spacing of graphite layers in carbon black particles than heretofore possible. The layers form continuous networks about particle growth centers and between adjoining particles and show a paracrystalline orientation rather than individual crystallites. Based on this type of orientation carbon black primary aggregates are now defined as single graphite paracrystals exhibiting either a fibrous (furnace and channel blacks) or spheroidal (thermal blacks) shape.
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