Open AccessMicrobial colonisation of chasmoendolithic habitats in the hyper-arid zone of the Atacama Desert
Author(s) -
Jocelyne DiRuggiero,
Jacek Wierzchos,
Courtney K. Robinson,
T. Souterre,
Jacques Ravel,
Octavio Artieda,
Virginia Souza-Egipsy,
Carmen Ascaso
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
biogeosciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.744
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 1726-4189
pISSN - 1726-4170
DOI - 10.5194/bg-10-2439-2013
Subject(s) - colonisation , arid , calcite , ecology , phototroph , ecosystem , habitat , geology , environmental science , colonization , biology , geochemistry , paleontology , bacteria
Efforts in searching for microbial life in the driest part of Atacama Desert, Chile, revealed a small number of lithic habitats that can be considered as environmental refuges for life. In this study, we describe for the first time chasmoendolithic colonisation of fissures and cracks of rhyolite-gypsum and calcite rocks collected in the hyper-arid zone of the desert. The use of high-throughput sequencing revealed that the Atacama rock communities comprised a few dominant phylotypes and a number of less abundant taxa representing the majority of the total community diversity. The chasmoendolithic communities were dominated by Chroococcidiopsis species cyanobacteria and supported a number of heterotrophic bacterial lineages. Micro-climate data and geomorphic analysis of the mineral substrates suggested higher water availability in the calcite rocks in the form of enhanced water retention in the complex network of cracks and fissures of these rocks as well as increased occurrence of liquid water in the form of dewfall. These characteristics were associated with a diverse community of phototrophic and heterotrophic bacteria in the calcite chasmoendolithic ecosystem. This study is another example of the diversity of adaptive strategies at the limit for life and illustrates that rock colonisation is controlled by a complex set of factors