Analysis and Improvement of Routing Protocol LEACH using TEEN, APTEEN and Adaptive Threshold in WSN

A wireless sensor network consists of spatially distributed sensor nodes which sense physical and environmental condition like sound, pressure, temperature etc and pass the data to the main location through the network. The recent advances and improvement of micro electro-mechanical systems technology, integrated circuit technologies, microprocessor hardware, wireless communications, Ad-hoc networking routing protocols and embedded systems have made the concept of Wireless Sensor Networks. In WSN network life time and node energy efficiency are two most important terms .The aim of this study is to making an energyefficient routing protocol which has a significant improvement on the overall lifetime of the sensor network and energy efficiency of nodes. LEACH is energy-efficient hierarchical based protocol that balances the energy efficiency, saves the node energy and hence the lifetime of the network. But Because of certain limitations of routing protocol LEACH, some schemes are proposed using protocols TEEN and APTEEN to overcome the drawback of LEACH. But TEEN and APTEEN has also some drawback and that drawback is removed by an advance scheme that is ADAPTIVE THRESHOLD. It gives better energy efficiency and improved network life time compared to LEACH, TEEN and APTEEN.