Prostate-specific antigen and free prostate-specific antigen/prostate-specific antigen ratio in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men worldwide. Many markers are suggested as markers of prostate cancer with different specificity and sensitivity. Objective : The present study’s main aim is to examine the possible utility of prostate-specific antigen indices as markers of prostate cancer. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, AlNahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq from July 2018 till March 2019, includes 84 subjects divided into three groups: Twenty Four patients with prostate cancer (PCA), thirty patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and thirty healthy subjects as a control group were examined in this study. Thirty healthy volunteer subjects were asked to be involved in this study as a control group. Blood samples from these patients were collected before obtaining a prostatic biopsy. Serum PSA, fPSA levels were quantified by the ELISA technique. Results: PSA cut-off value was found to be more than 9.57 ng/ml for Prostate Cancer patients, values range between 3.17 9.57 ng/ml for BPH patients and cut-off value for control was found to be less than 3.17 ng/ml, while serum (fPSA/PSA) % cut-off value was less than 11.1% for Prostate Cancer patients, values range between 11.1% 31 % for BPH patients, and cut-off value was greater than 31% for the control group. Conclusion: There is a highly significant difference in serum PSA levels and (fPSA/PSA)% between the prostate cancer and control groups. Body mass index showed an inverse association with the risk of prostate cancer.