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Pulmonary Langerhans cells histiocytosis (pulmonary LCH) is an idiopathic unusual lung disease and its association with other systemic diseases has been rarely observed. Here, we describe a young non-smoking woman with concomitant pulmonary LCH and coeliac disease that, despite therapy, suddenly deteriorated. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in the medical literature describing an association of coeliac disease with pulmonary LCH. Considering the concomitant occurrence of both diseases in our patient and the severe course of pulmonary LCH observed, we hypothesise that coeliac disease and pulmonary LCH might be related by a common disturbance in immunity and the onset and/or the course of pulmonary LCH could be influenced or markedly worsened by the presence of coeliac disease.

A case of pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis in a young woman with coeliac disease