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The purpose of this article is to discuss how the guarantee of social rights is established and sustained (or not) for the Traditional Peoples and Communities, both in the propositions of social public policies as well as in the daily dynamics of some of these groups. The matters involving Traditional Peoples and Communities have their historical origins in social-environmental conflicts, based on struggles for collective rights to the land, tradition and use of natural resources, in contrast to the advances of capitalism, which invest in the direction of the right for private use of the land, resources and knowledge. The Brazilian Policy for Sustainable Development of Traditional Peoples and Communities, while investing in securing rights, does not provide for the creation of services, but for the inclusion of Traditional Peoples and Communities in the services of other policies, supported in the right to diversity. Thus, it is important to discuss how - through which facilitating and hindering mechanisms - one can advance towards the consolidation such policy, and how social occupational therapy rationality can contribute to this process. It was possible to conclude that it is necessary to expand the debate so that the policy focuses on ensuring the access to other policies, also ensuring the right to the land, tradition and use of natural resources. Resumo: O presente artigo tem como proposta discutir de que formas a garantia de direitos sociais se constitui e se sustenta (ou nao) junto aos Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais, tanto nas proposicoes das politicas publicas quanto nas dinâmicas cotidianas de algumas dessas comunidades. Os dilemas envolvendo Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais tem suas origens em conflitos socioambientais historicos, com base na disputa e nas lutas pelo direito coletivo a terra, a tradicao e ao uso dos recursos naturais, em contraponto com os avancos do capitalismo, que investem na direcao do direito de uso privado da terra, dos recursos e dos saberes. A Politica Nacional para o Desenvolvimento Sustentavel de Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais (PNPCT), embora invista na garantia de direitos, nao preve a criacao de servicos, mas a inclusao dos Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais nos servicos das demais politicas, apoiada no direito a diversidade. Assim, interessa discutir de que formas - com que facilitadores e dificultadores - pode se avancar na consolidacao de tal politica, e que contribuicoes a racionalidade da terapia ocupacional social pode oferecer a esse processo. Concluimos que e necessario ampliar o debate para que a politica caminhe no sentido de garantir o acesso as demais politicas, ao mesmo tempo que assegure o direito a tradicao, a terra e ao uso dos recursos naturais.

Terapia Ocupacional Social: dilemas e possibilidades da atuação junto a Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais