Efectele tehnologiilor de exploatare a lemnului asupra unor parametri fizici ai solurilor forestiere montane

The paper deal with the impacts of different wood logging techniques on the soil parameters in the spruce forests of Eastern Carpathians- Romania. Experiments were made in soils formed on two geological substrates (crystalline schist’s and flish) and shows the changes induced in the bulk density, moisture %, and time of infiltration of 100 mm water column, in two kinds of wood harvesting: heavy tractors and logging with horses. Measurements made with standardizes methods shows increasing of bulk density of the soils until 30-40 cm deep. On the loamy - sandy soils the bulk density increase from 0.6 g/cm3 to 1.15 g/cm3 in the first 15 cm. On the soils developed on flisch, the bulk density increase in the first 5 cm from 0,6 g/cm3 to 0,84 g/cm3. The infiltration time of a 100 mm water column increase of 10-15 times, mainly on the soils developed on flish at 1-10 cm. At 20 cm in the soil deep the infiltration time increase of 3-3.6 times under the tractors extraction roads and 1-1.2 times under the horses extraction roads. The consequences of soil compaction on the functioning of soils and forest are discussed and some measures for the reduction of the impacts are proposed.