Cephalcia abietis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) - un nou dăunător al pădurilor de molid din România

. Defoliation of some Norway spruce stands, caused by Cephalcia abietis,\udwas first reported in Romania in the autumn of 2015. The outbreak has\udaffected 58 ha in the Eastern Carpathians and 190 ha in the Southern Carpathians.\udThe species was previously known only as a faunistic element in the\udcountry and very little information on its biology, ecology, detection, forecast\udand population control is available in the Romanian literature. This paper is a\udsynthesis of information concerning the web-spinning spruce sawfly, whose\udaim is to fill the knowledge gap. C. abietis is a species with a vast distribution\udarea, but repeated outbreaks were reported especially from Central Europe. In\udthe outbreak areas, the most insects of a generation need 2-3 years to complete\udtheir development, so that an intense flight and a stronger defoliation take\udplace every 2-3 years. Although mortality factors affecting the populations of\udC. abietis are very numerous, they fail to keep defoliator populations under\udcontrol and outbreaks may extend for a long time. Mass multiplication occurs\udmainly in pure Norway spruce stands older than 60 years, at medium altitudes\ud(600-1000 m), in places exposed to periodic drought or pollution. Biological\udand ecological peculiarities of this species make the prognosis of defoliation\udmuch more labor intensive than that for other defoliators, although quite uncertain.\udThe chemical control, with partially selective insecticides (chitin synthesis\udinhibitors), was usual during recent decades, while biological control\udis still in the experimental phase. Consequently, greater emphasis should be\udplaced on preventing mass multiplication of this specie