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Dans l’Ouest du Burkina Faso ont ete identifies des sols developpes sur des dolomies. L’absence d’etude pedologique anterieure dans la region, traitant de l’implication geochimique des roches dolomitiques sur les proprietes de ces sols, a conduit a la realisation d’une etude morpho-pedologique. Celle-ci avait pour objectif d’evaluer l’impact des carbonates sur les caracteristiques morphologiques, physiques, chimiques et hydriques des sols en vue d’en degager les potentialites. Cette prospection menee a partir de trois transects, partant chacun des trois principales collines dolomitiques de la region (Diounkan, Souroukoudinga et Samendeni) indique l’existence d’argiles de type 2/1. Ces argiles interviennent positivement dans la structuration des sols, la retention de l’eau et des nutriments grâce a leur CEC elevee comprise entre 11 et 20 cmol(+).kg-1. On note, par ailleurs, un desequilibre cationique entre Ca2+et Mg2+, car le ratio Ca2+/Mg2+>1 dans l’horizon organo-mineral, devient 50 et le ratio K+/CEC < 0,05, indiquent une carence en K+. Par consequent, le potassium pourrait constituer, avec le phosphore (< 5 mg.kg-1), les principaux facteurs limitant la productivite des sols. L’utilisation durable de ces sols exige un choix judicieux des types de cultures et un mode de fertilisation organo-minerale pour compenser les carences. Mots cles: Argiles, cations, antagonisme potassium-magnesium, fertilite du sol, roches dolomitiques. English Title: Morpho-pedological characteristics and agricultural potentialities of soils developed on dolomitic rocks in the Taoudeni basin in Burkina FasoIn western of Burkina Faso, soils developed on dolostones have been identified. Lack of previous soil study in the region, dealing with the geochemical implication of dolomitic rocks on the properties of these soils, led to the realization of a morpho-pedological study. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of carbonates on the morphological, physical, chemical and water characteristics of the soils in order to identify their potential. This prospecting carried out starting from three transects, starting each from the three main dolomitic hills of the region (Diounkan, Souroukoudinga and Samendeni) indicates the existence of type 2/1 clays. These clays play a positive role in the structuring of soils, the retention of water and nutrients thanks to their high CEC between 11 and 20 cmol(+)kg-1. There is also a cationic imbalance between Ca2+ and Mg2+, because Ca2+/Mg2+ > 1 ratio in the organo-mineral horizon becomes 50 and the K+/CEC ratio < 0.05 indicate a deficiency of K+. Consequently, potassium could constitute with phosphorus (<5 mg.kg-1) the main factors limiting the productivity of these soils. The sustainable use of these soils requires a judicious choice of crop types and an organo-mineral fertilization method to compensate for the deficiencies. Keywords: Clay, cations, potassium-magnesium antagonism, soil fertility, dolostones.

Caractéristiques morpho-pédologiques et potentialités agricoles de sols développés sur roches dolomitiques dans le bassin de Taoudéni au Burkina Faso