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Au Togo, la production du piment (Capsicum spp.), legumineuse prisee, reste encore tres faible. Afin d’aider a sa promotion, une enquete a ete menee dans 20 localites, pour evaluer les contraintes qui y sont liees, la perception paysanne du deficit hydrique et les pratiques endogenes de gestion de l’eau. Au total, 28 contraintes ont ete repertoriees dont la plus citee est le deficit hydrique (94,74%). La correlation entre les localites et les contraintes citees a permis de definir trois groupes de localites dont deux geographiquement homogenes. La region centrale, avec le plus grand nombre de contraintes, connait egalement les plus longues durees de poches de secheresse en pleine saison pluvieuse (2,4 ± 0,75 semaines). En periodes de manque d’eau, les producteurs adoptent diverses pratiques endogenes consommatrices d’eau (irrigation, arrosage) et/ou conservatrices d’humidite (paillage, agriculture sur berge). Aussi, 34 cultivars, sous reserve de synonymie, ont ete identifies, repartis en six groupes suivant une classification ascendante hierarchique basee sur la forme des fruits. Le cultivar Gboyebesse est le plus prise avec un indice de valeur d’importance de 1,22. Ces resultats pourront permettre de mieux planifier les plans d’action des differents acteurs de la filiere piment pour une production optimale.Mots cles : Legumes, stress hydrique, pratiques endogenes, contraintes de culture, Togo.   English Title: Endogenous knowledges and perception of water deficit related to chilli (Capsicum spp.) cultivation of in TogoIn Togo, the production of chili pepper (Capsicum spp.), estimated vegetable, is still very low. In order to help its promotion, a survey was conducted in 20 areas, to assess the related constraints, the peasant perception of water deficit and the endogenous practices of water management. A total of 28 constraints were identified and the most cited is water deficit (94.74%). Three groups of areas (of which two are geographically homogeneous) emerged after a correlation between areas and constraints. The central region, with the highest number of constraints cited, also has the longest dry pockets in the wet season (2.4 ± 0.75 weeks). In response to periods of lack of water, producers adopt various endogenous water-consuming practices (irrigation, watering) and/or humidity-conserving practices (mulching, riverbank farming). Also, the study identified 34 cultivars if no synonymy, divided into six groups according to an ascending hierarchical classification and based on the pomological characteristics of the fruit. Cultivar Gboyebesse is the most popular cultivar with a value index of 1.22. These results can be the basis for better action plan of the various stakeholders in the chilli pepper sector for an optimal production.Keywords: Vegetables, water stress, endogenous practices, cultural constraints, Togo.

Connaissances endogènes et perception du déficit hydrique liées à la culture du piment (Capsicum spp.) au Togo