Effets hypolipidemiques de l’huile extraite du poisson <i>Ethmalosa fimbriata</i> chez des rattes dyslipidémiques

Les maladies cardiovasculaires sont un probleme de sante publique affectant plus de 30% de la population mondiale. Une des principales causes de ces pathologies est l’hyperlipidemie. Cette etude vise a valoriser l’huile du poisson en explorant ses effets sur la dyslipidemie. 20 rattes ont ete reparties en 4 groupes : le groupe 1 a recu le regime standard de laboratoire (RSL), les Groupes 2, 3 et 4 ont recu le RSL supplemente au jaune d’oeuf bouilli a la dose de 5 g/j/ratte. Apres 16 semaines, le groupe 3 a recu uniquement le RSL, le roupe 4 a recu le RSL et supplemente a l’huile a 1 g/jr/kg pendant 3 semaines. Au terme de cette experimentation les rattes ont ete sacrifiees et les parametres biochimiques seriques ont ete doses. Les resultats montrent que le regime hyperlipidemique a induit le surpoids, des desordres tissulaires et plasmatiques marques par l’augmentation du cholesterol-CT, des triglycerides, du cholesterol LDL et la baisse du cholesterol HDL. Le groupe 4 a presente une baisse significative du CT, des TG, du C-LDL et l’augmentation du C-HDL. L’huile de E. fimbriata a presente des effets hypolipidemiques et pourrait etre utilisee dans la prevention des risques cardiaques. Cette etude se poursuivra par la determination du profil en acide gras de cette huile.Mots cles : Dyslipidemie, surpoids, hypolipidemie, hyperlipemie, lipide.   English Title: Hypolipidemic effects of oil extracted from Ethmalosa fimbriata on dislipidemic female ratsCardiovascular diseases represent a public health problem which affects more than 30% of people worldwide. One principle cause of these diseases is hyperlipidemia. This study aimed at valorising fish oil by investing its effects on dyslipidemia. Twenty female rats divided in four groups: Group 1 was fed with standard laboratory diet (SLD); while groups 2, 3 and 4 received the SLD supplemented with cooked egg yolk (5 g/day/rat). After 16 weeks, group 3 received only the SLD and group 4 was fed with SLD supplemented with E. fimbriata oil (1 g/day/kg of body mass) during 3 weeks. At the end of the test, animals were kill and some organs were removed. Some blood biochemical parameters were also measured. Result showed that the hyperlidemic diet induced weight gain, tissular and plasma disorders characterized by increase of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL Cholesterol and decrease of HDL Cholesterol indicating mixed dyslipidemia in group 2 compare to others groups. Group 4 had a significantly (p˂0.05) decrease in cholesterolemia, triglyceridemia, CLDL and increase levels of CHDL. There was also a tendency for disappearance in tissues disorders. E.fimbriata oil has hypolipidemic effects and could be used to prevent cardiovascular risks. This study should continue with determination of fatty acid composition of this fish oil.Keywords: Overweight, lipid, dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypolipidemia