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L'une des contraintes majeures au developpement de la culture de l'anacardier au Benin est la non disponibilite de materiel vegetal de plantation performant. L’objectif de cette etude etait de selectionner des arbres-meres d'anacardiers phenotypiquement superieurs dans les plantations paysannes qui fourniront des greffons pour la production des plants greffes recommandes actuellement pour l’installation des vergers. Ainsi, une prospection a ete realisee dans 23 communes des 4 regions productrices de l’anacarde et appartenant aux zones agro-ecologiques III, IV et V. Les arbres-meres potentiels identifies ont ete evalues entre 2013 et 2015 et les arbres performants ont ete selectionnes suivant trois principaux criteres agronomiques : productivite en noix, poids des noix et taux d'amandes. Afin d’apprecier les performances des differentes categories d’arbres-meres d’anacardiers par rapport a chaque parametre mesure, les donnees collectees ont ete soumises a des analyses de la variance et a des comparaisons de moyennes. Au total, 357 arbres-meres d'anacardiers ont ete selectionnes sur les 1.868 arbres identifies. Les productivites moyennes en noix des arbres-meres d'anacardiers selectionnes ont ete respectivement de 27,36 kg, 35,47 kg et 42,14 kg pour les tranches d'âges 5-9 ans, 10-15 ans et plus de 15 ans. Toutefois, on note une similarite entre les zones agro-ecologiques quant aux trois parametres evalues. Les resultats de cette etude constituent le point de depart d’un programme d'amelioration varietale de l'anacardier au Benin.Mots cles : Amelioration varietale, anacardier, materiel vegetal de plantation, productivite, Benin.   English title: Agronomic performance of selected cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) mother trees in Benin farmer's plantationsOne of the major constraints to the cashew growing development in Benin is the unavailability of efficient planting material. The objective of this study was to select phenotypically efficient cashew mother trees in farmer's plantations which will provide scions for the production of grafted seedling currently recommended for orchards installation. Thus, a prospecting survey was carried out in 23 districts, in the 4 major cashew producing regions and belonging to agro-ecological zones III, IV and V. The potentials cashew mother trees which were identified were evaluated between 2013 and 2015 and the efficient mother trees were selected according to three main agronomic criteria: nut productivity, nut weight and kernel rate. In order to assess the performance of the different cashew mother tree categories in relation to each measured parameter, collected data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparisons of means. A total of 357 cashew mother trees were selected from 1,868 identified potentials mother trees. The average nut productivity of the selected cashew mother trees were 27.36 kg, 35.47 kg and 42.14 kg, respectively, for the age groups 5-9 years, 10-15 years and over 15 years. However, there is a similarity between agro-ecological zones with regard to the three evaluated parameters. The results of this study are the starting point for a cashew breeding program in Benin.Keywords: Breeding, cashew, planting material, productivity, Benin.

international journal of biological and chemical sciences

Performances agronomiques des arbres-mères d’anacardiers (&lt;i&gt;Anacardium occidentale &lt;/i&gt;L.) sélectionnés dans les plantations paysannes au Bénin