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Au Senegal, les adventices sont l’une des principales contraintes a la production cotonniere. La presente etude a pour objectif de caracteriser la flore adventice des cultures cotonnieres au Senegal. Des releves phytosociologiques ont ete realises durant les campagnes agricoles 2016, 2017 et 2018 dans les stations de recherche de l’ISRA (Institut Senegalais de Recherche Agricole), dans les AMEX (Antenne Multilocale d’Experimentation) de la SODEFITEX (Societe de Developpement de Fibres Textiles du Senegal) et en milieu paysan. Grâce aux inventaires phytosociologiques par la technique du « tour de champs » qui consiste a parcourir toute la parcelle dans toutes ces directions pour repertorier toutes les especes meme les plus rares. Les resultats de cette etude montrent que cette flore est riche de 204 especes reparties en 118 genres et 35 familles. Ces dernieres sont dominees par les Fabaceae (22,1%), Poaceae (20,1%), les Malvaceae (9,3%) et les Cyperaceae (7,8%). Les Dicotyledones sont dominantes avec 68,6% des especes. Cette flore est nettement dominee par les therophytes avec 81,4%. Sur le plan de la repartition geographique, les especes a affinite pantropicales et d’origine Africaines sont dominantes et elles regroupent pres de 74,1% des especes repertoriees. Le bassin cotonnier senegalais est aussi caracterise par une homogeneite floristique. Ce travail a permis de caracteriser la flore adventice des cultures cotonnieres dans le Senegal oriental et en haute Casamance.  Mots cles : Flore, adventice, Coton, Bassin cotonnier du Senegal, ISRA English Title: Weed flora of cotton crops in Eastern Senegal and Upper Casamance In Senegal, among the factors limiting cotton production, weeds competition had been identified as a major obstacle in increasing the fibber yield. This study was carried out in Eastern Senegal and Upper Casamance to characterize the weed flora of cotton. It aimed to establish the taxonomical, life forms and chorological spectra of weed species. Therefore, floristic surveys were carried out during 2016, 2017 and 2018 crop years in cotton fields and in stations. The "field tower" technique, which consists of taking stock of all species in a defined area, has been adopted. The results revealed that flora consisted of 204 species distributed in 118 genera and 35 families. The families with the highest species richness were Fabaceae (22.1%), Poaceae (20.1%), Malvaceae (9.3%) and Cyperaceae (7.8%) which account for sixty percent of recorded species. Dicotyledon was the most important form with 68.6 percent of recorded species. Spectrum analysis indicated that the flora is largely dominated by therophytes, which includes 81.4% of the recorded species. The study of the biogeographical distribution showed that african and pantropical species predominate with 74.1 percent of the flora. The Senegalese cotton basin is also characterized by a homogeneity in the floristic composition despite some variations  Keywords: Weeds, flora, Cotton Basin of Senegal, Senegal.

La flore adventice des cultures cotonnières dans le Sénégal Oriental et en Haute Casamance