Les risques sanitaires liés aux sources d’eau de boisson dans le district n°2 de Lomé-commune : cas du quartier d’Adakpamé

L’eau est une ressource naturelle precieuse et essentielle pour de multiples usages, mais sa qualite est confrontee a plusieurs problemes dont la pollution liees aux actvites anthropiques, d’ou la necessite de contribuer a l’amelioration de la qualite de l’eau de consommation. Ainsi, une etude transversale, descriptive et analytique, qui a porte sur 162 menages choisis de facon aleatoire, a ete realise afin d’avoir une idee sur les risques sanitaires lies a l’eau de consommation. Des echantillons d’eau de puits et de forages (15 puits et 10 forages) ont ete preleves et analyses en utilisant les methodes normalisees de routines decrites par l’Association Francaise de Normalisation (AFNOR). Les resultats ont montre qu’aucune concession ne dispose de reseau d’adduction en eau potable. Parmi ceux qui s’approvisionnent en eau de forage et de puits, 94.74% boivent l’eau de forage et 56.86% boivent l’eau de puits. La majorite des menages traitent l’eau avant consommation et la chloration est le mode de traitement le plus utilise. Sur les menages disposant simultanement d’une source d’eau et d’une latrine, 62.96% des menages ont leurs latrines a moins de 15 metres de la source d’eau. Les analyses microbiologiques ont montre que les echantillons d’eau analyses sont contamines a divers degres par les germes retenus par les criteres. Les germes totaux et les coliformes ont induit de fort taux de nonconformite. Des mesures appropriees doivent etre prises pour la desinfection de ces eaux avant leur utilisation. © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Eau de forage, eau de puits, aspects socio-sanitaire, qualite hygienique, Togo English Title: Health risks related to sources of drinking water in district n°2 of Lomecommune: case of Adakpame neighborhood English Abstract Water is a valuable and essential natural resource for many uses, but its quality is confronted with several problems, including pollution linked to anthropogenic activities, hence the need to contribute to improving the quality of drinking water. A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of 162 randomly selected households was carried out in order to get an idea of the health risks associated with drinking water. Wells and boreholes water samples (15 wells and 10 boreholes) were collected and analyzed using the standardized routine methods described by French Association for Standardization. The results showed that no household has a drinking water supply network. Of those whose source water is from boreholes and wells,  94.74% drink boreholes water and 56.86% drink well water. The majority of households treat water before consumption and chlorination is the most commonly used mode of treatment. On households with both a water source and a latrine, 62.96% of households have latrines within 15 meters of the water source. The microbiological analyses showed that the water samples analysed are contaminated to varying degrees by the microorganisms selected by the criteria. Total germs and coliforms resulted in high levels of non-compliance. Appropriate measures shall be taken for the disinfection of such waters before their use. © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Borehole water, well water, socio-sanitary aspects, hygienic quality, Togo