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Typologie Et Structure Des Populations Naturelles De Pentadesma Butyracea Dans La Zone Soudano-Guineenne Du Benin
Author(s) -
a natta,
h yedomonhan,
n zoumarouwallis,
j houndehin,
ebk ewedje,
r l glele kakai
Publication year - 2014
Language(s) - French
DOI - 10.4314/asab.v15i2
La presente etude, conduite dans la region soudano-guineenne du centre Benin, a pour objectif la caracterisation ecologique de Pentadesma butyracea , une espece vulnerable au Benin, a travers l’inventaire, la typologie et la caracterisation structurale de ses populations naturelles. Les inventaires floristiques et dendrometriques ont ete faits dans cent placeaux de 500 m 2 , de longueur et largueur variables, dans tous les sites de forets galeries a dominance P. butyracea . Les donnees collectees sont l’abondance, la richesse specifique, la densite, la surface terriere, l’Indice Shannon et l’equitabilite de Pielou. Dans la region soudano-guineenne du Centre Benin, P. butyracea est present dans 76 sites avec une abondance de 1.132 individus adultes (dbh ≥ 10 cm). Sur la base des caracteristiques ecologiques des sites, cinq populations de P. butyracea ont ete identifiees. Il s’agit des populations de Bassila, Koura, Manigri, Penessoulou et Agbassa, qui sont differentes sur le plan statistique pour chacun des parametres ecologiques a savoir la densite, la surface terriere, la richesse specifique, l’Indice de Shannon et l’Equitabilite de Pielou (Prob. < 0,001). La structure en diametre de l’espece dans la plupart des sites est en cloche avec une dissymetrie droite caracteristique des peuplements monospecifiques jeunes. Trois facteurs/gradients (i.e. climat, formations vegetales et pression anthropique) expliquent au mieux la typologie et la structure en diametre des cinq populations discriminees. Il est preconise comme strategies de protection et exploitation durables de P. butyracea dans le milieu d’etude la conservation in situ et ex situ, le respect de la legislation forestiere en matiere de protection des forets galeries, les essais de domestication et la sensibilisation des populations a la limitation des pressions et preservation de cette espece vulnerable au Benin. Mots cles : Ligneux, Usage Multiple, Pentadesma butyracea , repartition geographique, structure, Benin. The present study, conducted in the Soudano-guinean region of centre Benin, aimed to characterize the ecology of Pentadesma butyracea , a vulnerable multipurpose species in Benin Republic. All the riparian forest sites where the species was present have been inventoried to map its spatial distribution and quantify its abundance. Floristic and dendrometric releves were done in 100 plots, each 500 m² in size, in the P. butyracea dominated riparian forest sites to assessed the flora diversity and the structure of the targeted species. In the soudano-guinean region of centre Benin, P. butyracea was present in 76 riparian forest sites with an overall abundance of 1.132 stems (dbh ≥ 10 cm). The values of trees density, basal area, species richness, Shannon diversity index and Pielou equitability index permitted to discriminated five P. butyracea populations (i.e. Bassila, Koura, Manigri, Penessoulou and Agbassa) that were significantly different for all the parameters used for the typology (Prob. < 0,001). Three factors/gradients (i.e. climate, vegetation, anthropogenic disturbance) were the underlying factors of the typology and structure of the discriminated populations. The stem diameter structure of P. butyracea in most of the stands had a Gaussian shape with however a right-dissymmetry, characteristic of young monospecific populations. Among the strategies for sustainable protection and uses of P. butyracea in the study area we suggest to promote in situ and ex situ conservation, to enforce of the forest law regarding the protection of riparian forests, to undertake domestication trials and to raise awareness among local people as a means to reduce anthropogenic disturbance and preserve remnants populations of this vulnerable species in Benin. Keywords : Tree Species, Pentadesma butyracea , spatial distribution, structure, Benin. Article in French

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