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Since previous research has indicated that high levels of education might protect against gambling problems, studies have tested the hypothesis that academics have fewer erroneous thoughts related to gambling, such as the illusion of control (i.e., the overestimation of the contribution of personal skill in gambling outcomes). However, the results of these studies were equivocal. The illusion of control can, however, be fostered by various sociodemographic, dispositional, and cognitive factors that may be present in highly educated individuals, including degree of optimism, internal of the locus of control, knowledge of statistics and probabilities (SP) and, finally, the degree of conviction about gambling beliefs. Indeed, it has been shown that pathological gamblers not only have more irrational thoughts, but they also tend to be more convinced of the correctness of these thoughts. For example, an individual might think that a lucky charm might help them win, but not be too sure how right they are to hold this belief (low degree of conviction). On the contrary, a person might be convinced that lucky charms definitely help them win, or definitely do not help them win (both of which are examples of a high degree of conviction). Based on data previously collected by Smith and Giroux (2018) investigating the gambling behavior of 142 university students with and without SP knowledge, this study examines the relationships between the illusion of control in gambling and factors known to influence the illusion of control. Secondly, this article seeks to verify the predictive potential of these individual variables on the illusion of control. The results indicate that a high level of SP knowledge is associated with a higher degree of optimism (p <.01), as well as fewer superstitions (p <.01). Moreover, the less university students are convinced of the rightness of their beliefs, the more they report an illusion of control (p <.01). Within this sample, being a man, having little SP knowledge and a low degree of conviction statistically predict more illusion of control (p <.01). The discussion explores how doubt can be beneficial for educated individuals who engage in such erroneous thinking. Resume Puisque la recherche anterieure a indique que de hauts niveaux d’education pourraient proteger contre les problemes de jeu, des etudes ont teste l’hypothese selon laquelle les universitaires entretiennent moins de pensees erronees liees aux jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA), telle l’illusion de controle qui consiste a surestimer l’apport de l’habilete personnelle dans les resultats du jeu. Or, les resultats de ces etudes ont ete equivoques. L’illusion de controle peut toutefois etre favorisee par differents facteurs sociodemographiques, dispositionnels et cognitifs que peuvent presenter des individus fortement scolarises, soit le degre d’optimisme, l’internalite du lieu de controle, les connaissances des statistiques et des probabilites (SP) et, finalement, le degre de conviction quant aux croyances liees au jeu. En effet, il a ete demontre que les joueurs pathologiques ont non seulement plus de pensees erronees, mais ils tendent egalement a etre davantage convaincus de la justesse de ces croyances. Ainsi, quelqu’un pourrait endosser un certain nombre de pensees erronees, mais exprimer du doute quant a la justesse de celles-ci. Par exemple, quelqu’un pourrait penser qu’un porte-bonheur aidera (un peu, moderement, beaucoup) a gagner, mais ne pas etre certain d’avoir raison a ce sujet. Contrairement, une personne pourrait etre persuadee (haut degre de conviction) que les porte-bonheurs aident ou n’aident pas. S’appuyant sur les donnees prealablement recueillies par Smith et Giroux (2018) pour une etude sur les comportements de jeu de 142 universitaires avec ou sans connaissances des statistiques et des probabilites (SP), la presente etude examine les relations entre l’illusion de controle liee aux JHA et ces facteurs connus pour influencer l’illusion de controle. Deuxiemement, cet article cherche a verifier le potentiel predictif de ces variables individuelles sur l’illusion de controle. Les resultats indiquent qu’un niveau eleve de connaissances des SP est associe a un degre superieur d’optimisme (p < .01), ainsi qu’a moins de superstitions (p < .01). De plus, moins les universitaires sont convaincus quant a leurs croyances, plus ils rapportent d’illusion de controle (p < .01). Au sein de cet echantillon, le fait d’etre un homme, d’avoir peu de connaissances des SP ainsi qu’un degre de conviction peu eleve predisent statistiquement plus d'illusion de controle (p < .01). La discussion porte sur les avantages possibles de la presence de doute aupres d’individus scolarises faisant etat de ce type de pensees erronees.

journal of gambling issues

L’illusion de contrôle liée au jeu auprès d’universitaires : le bénéfice du doute? / The Illusion of Control in Gambling among University Students: The Benefit of the Doubt?