Joint Effects of Impulsive and Self-Regulatory Process on Gambling Frequency
Author(s) -
Matthew T. Keough,
Roisin M. O’Connor,
Jennifer Swansburg,
Sean P. Barrett,
David C. Hodgins,
Sherry H. Stewart
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of gambling issues
Language(s) - French
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.341
H-Index - 12
ISSN - 1910-7595
DOI - 10.4309/jgi.2018.38.8
Subject(s) - psychology , moderation , feeling , abstinence , cognition , addiction , developmental psychology , impulsivity , clinical psychology , social psychology , psychiatry
Dual process models propose that behaviour is influenced by the interactive effect of impulsive (i.e., automatic or implicit) and self-regulatory (i.e., controlled or explicit) processes. Recently, evidence from the alcohol literature demonstrates that the impulse to engage in risky behaviour is mitigated by a high capacity to self-regulate. The current study aimed to extend this model to behavioural addictions, namely frequent gambling behaviour. It was hypothesized that impulsive processes favouring gambling (positive implicit gambling cognition) would predict frequent gambling, but only if the capacity to self-regulate was low. A treatment-seeking sample of 57 adults with problem gambling ( M age = 45.20 years, 54% men) completed two Single Category Implicit Association Tests, one reflecting tension-reduction, and the other enhancement, implicit gambling cognition. Participants also completed self-report measures of past week gambling frequency and the Gambling Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale, which provided a measure of the self-regulatory capacity to abstain from gambling when emotionally aroused. Controlling for age and gender, consistent with hypotheses, implicit tension reduction gambling cognition positively predicted gambling frequency at low ( p = .046) but not at high ( p =.191) self-efficacy for gambling abstinence when feeling emotionally bad. However, self-efficacy for gambling abstinence when feeling emotionally good was not supported as a moderator of the effect of implicit enhancement gambling cognition on gambling frequency. Results suggest that the cognitions inherent in the impulsive process leading to frequent gambling are tension reduction or escape-related. Furthermore, emotionally relevant nuances to the ability to self-regulate gambling do exist; these nuances may contribute to both risk model specificity and interventions. Resume Les modeles a doubles processus indiquent que le comportement est influence par l’effet interactif de processus impulsifs (c’est-a-dire, automatiques ou implicites) et autoregulateurs (c’est-a-dire controles ou explicites). Recemment, des preuves tirees de la litterature sur l’alcool demontrent que l’impulsion a s’engager dans des comportements a risque est contrebalancee par une forte capacite d’autoregulation. La presente etude visait a etendre ce modele aux dependances comportementales, a savoir le comportement de jeu frequent. On a emis l’hypothese que des processus impulsifs favorisant le jeu (cognition de jeu implicite positive) pourraient laisser presager un jeu frequent, mais seulement si la capacite d’autoregulation etait faible. Un echantillon de 57 adultes aux prises avec probleme de jeu compulsif (moyenne = 45,20 ans, 54 % d’hommes) a effectue deux tests d’association implicites a categorie unique, l’un refletant la reduction de tension et l’autre, la cognition de jeu implicite. Les participants ont egalement rempli des une auto-evaluation de la frequence de jeu de la semaine qui precedait et l’echelle d’auto-evaluation de l’abstinence ( Gambling Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale ), qui mesure la capacite de s’abstenir de jouer lorsque l’emotion est forte. En controlant l’âge et le sexe, et a la lumiere des hypotheses, la cognition de jeu implicite predit positivement une faible auto-efficacite liee a la frequence de jeu (p = 0,046) et non pas une haute auto-efficacite (p = 0,191) pour ce qui est de l’abstinence au jeu en situation d’emotion negative. Cependant, l’auto-regulation pour s’abstenir de jouer lorsqu’on se sent emotionnellement bien n’etait pas consideree comme un moderateur de l’effet de la cognition de jeu implicite sur la frequence de jeu. Les resultats suggerent que les cognitions inherentes au processus impulsif conduisant a un jeu frequent sont la reduction de tension ou l’evasion. De plus, il existe des nuances pertinentes sur le plan emotionnel a la capacite d’auto-reglementer le jeu; celles-ci peuvent contribuer a la fois a la specificite du modele de risque et aux interventions.
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