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This study’s aim was to identify characteristics with higher odds of distinguishing a group of pathological gamblers (PG) from (1) a group of gamblers without a gambling problem (NP) and 2) a sub-clinical group (SP). An additional aim was to investigate those characteristics as risk/protective factors along the continuum of problem-gambling severity. Sociodemographic (gender, age, marital status, and educational level), individual (psychopathological symptoms) and relational (family functioning, dyadic adjustment, and differentiation of self) variables were considered. The sample consisted of 331 participants: 162 NP, 117 SP and 52 PG. The main results indicate that the characteristics with higher odds of distinguishing among the groups were gender, educational level, age, differentiation of self, and psychopathological symptoms. The odds of being a PG were higher for men with a low educational level and less adaptive psycho-relational functioning. Conversely, the odds of being a NP were higher for women with a high educational level and more adaptive psycho-relational functioning. Gender and educational level stood out with respect to their relevance as risk/protective factors, and their role was found to be dynamic and interdependent with the severity of problem gambling and/or the investigated psycho-relational characteristics. The risk/protective value was more remarkable when gamblers already exhibited SP. L’objectif de cette etude etait d'identifier les caracteristiques presentant une probabilite plus elevee de distinguer un groupe de joueurs pathologiques (PG) d'un groupe de joueurs sans probleme de jeu (NP) et un groupe sous-clinique (SP). Un autre objectif consistait a etudier ces caracteristiques en tant que facteurs de risque / protection dans le continuum de la gravite du jeu problematique. Les variables sociodemographiques (sexe, âge, etat matrimonial et niveau d'instruction), individuelles (symptomes psychopathologiques) et relationnelles (fonctionnement familial, ajustement dyadique et differenciation de self) ont ete prises en consideration. L'echantillon comprenait 331 participants: 162 NP, 117 SP et 52 PG. Les principaux resultats indiquent que les caracteristiques ayant une plus grande probabilite de distinction entre les groupes etaient le sexe, le niveau d'instruction, l'âge, la differenciation de self et les symptomes psychopathologiques. Les probabilites d'etre un PG etaient plus elevees chez les hommes ayant un faible niveau d'instruction et moins adaptative au fonctionnement psycho-relationnel. A l'inverse, les probabilites d'etre NP etaient plus elevees chez les femmes ayant un niveau d'instruction eleve et un fonctionnement psycho-relationnel plus adaptatif. Le sexe et le niveau de scolarite se distinguent par leur pertinence en tant que facteurs de risque / protection et leur role est juge dynamique et interdependant de la gravite du jeu problematique et / ou des caracteristiques psycho-relationnel etudiees. La valeur risque / protection etait plus remarquable lorsque les joueurs presentaient deja SP.

Risk factors for pathological gambling along a continuum of severity: Individual and relational variables