Magnesium and anti-phosphate treatment with bisphosphonates for Generalised Arterial Calcification of Infancy: a case report

Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is a rare autosomal- recessive disorder characterized by calcification of the internal elastic lamina, fibrotic myointimal proliferation of muscular arteries, and resultant arterial stenosis. Treatment with bisphosphonates has been proposed as a means of reducing arterial calcifications in GACI patients, although there is no formalized treatment approach. The case reported here is a patient with severe GACI diagnosed at 3 months of age who had no response to bisphosphonate treatment, but clinically improved after the initiation of magnesium and anti-phosphate (calcium carbonate) treatments. In patients unresponsive to bisphosphonate, magnesium and anti-phosphate treatment can be attempted.