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83 DO I: 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2018.46338 Eur Arch Med Res 2019; 35 (2): 83-7 Medine Alpdemir1, Oğuzhan Özcan2, Mehmet Fatih Alpdemir1, Mehmet Şeneş3, Alper Azak4, Murat Duranay5, Doğan Yücel3 1Balıkesir State Hospital, Biochemistry, Balıkesir, Turkey 2Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hatay, Turkey 3Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey 4Balıkesir State Hospital, Nephrology, Balıkesir, Turkey 5Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Ankara, Turkey ORIGINAL ARTICLE Cite this article as: Alpdemir M, Özcan O, Alpdemir MF, Şeneş M, Azak A, Duranay M, Yücel D. Serum Neuron Specific Enolase and S-100B Levels in Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Eur Arch Med Res 2019; 35 (2): 83-7 Address for Correspondence: Medine Alpdemir, Balıkesir State Hospital, Biochemistry, Balıkesir, Turkey E-posta: bitigic@hotmail.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-0246 ©Copyright 2019 by the Health Sciences University, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital European Archives of Medical Research published by Galenos Publishing House. Received: 31.01.2017 Accepted: 05.10.2018 INTRODUCTION Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100B are specific brainderived proteins that have recently gained importance as neurochemical markers (1). Serum concentrations of these analytes increase after traumatic brain injury and clinical conditions that result in brain injury, such as cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (2, 3). S-100B is a calciumbinding protein, approximately 21 kDa in weight and composed of subunits A and B. Subunit B is synthesized mainly by astroglial and microglial cells and is highly specific for the central neurological system (4, 5). The half-life of S-100B in the serum is reported to be approximately two hours, and it is metabolized and excreted by the kidneys. Its concentrations are normally undetectable in serum samples, but can reach measurable levels