Axes stratégiques pour la pérennisation d’unités de compostage en Afrique : cas de Bouaké en Côte-d’Ivoire

Composting is preferentially cited as the appropriate course for valorising the fermentable fractions of household solid waste in Africa ; however, the initiatives through this way presents mitigable results. Indeed, composting of household solid waste in Africa faces a major challenge, which is that of large-scale development and the perpetuation of pilot actions initiated in this direction after the end of external financing. While a pilot composting activity, jointly carried out by ANASUR (Agence nationale de la salubrité urbaine) through its Project for the Professionalization of the Waste Sector (PPWS) and by a french consortium composed of the GoodPlanet foundation, ETC...Terra and Gevalor associations through their Africompost Program, finds a development at Bouaké, we think that it is necessary to glimpse its winnings factors. In Bouaké, the potential for composting is large and varied, atmospheric conditions are also amenable to activity, and the first phase of market research has identified potential markets for compost in a market where its main competitor is chicken’s shit sold at CFAF 30,000 (54 USD) at the ton. A prospective analysis of the development of the activity to 10,000 tons of solid waste to be treated yearly to produce 1,600 tons of compost announces a cost of CFAF 101,939 (192 USD) per ton of compost produced (CFAF 16,310/t of waste treated ; 30.66 USD/t of waste treated). The financial mix plan to balance the budget consists of sales of compost at CFAF 50,000/t and CFAF 8,000/t of waste (94 USD/t and 15.04 USD/t of waste), of sales of carbon credits CFAF 6,626 at the ton and CFAF 1,060/t of waste treated (12.46 USD/t and 1.99 USD/t of waste treated), and from the collection of a remuneration of the waste treatment service in the amount of CFAF 4,058/t of waste treated and CFAF 25,365/t of compost product (7.63 USD/t of waste treated and 47.69 USD/t of compost product). This balance depends on a change of scale, which can be found at best in the next five years. From pilot stage, it is necessary to put an image of mark of compost as an organic amendment, to develop profitable marketing based on a skimming (creamily) strategy, and to take reasonable advocacy actions to integrate composting into the management of solid waste in cities. Indeed, by limiting itself to a production of 1,600 tons of compost yearly (about 100 ha cultivable), it is possible to produce a high quality compost (complying with NFU 44-051) from household waste. This product, intended for a healthy agriculture, will be sold preferentially directly to the user at CFAF 80,000 (150 USD) at the ton in order to approach its cost price. A remuneration of CFAF 4,000 (7.6 USD) at the ton of treated waste and CFAF 25,000/t of compost product (47 USD/t of compost product), relating to economies savings on collection and landfilling, will be requested in order to balance the budget. Also, local and international compensations and support (sales of carbon credits) will come in addition to support and spread such initiatives. Finally, the mechanisms for optimizing production and developing a diversified range of valorising organic waste products and related waste will be put in place.