Les animaux vertébrés sont-ils réservoirs de rickettsies?

Rickettsiae sensu stricto are the bacteria from the genus Rickettsia. Many of them are responsible for human arthropod-borne (fleas, lice, ticks, mites) diseases. One hundred years after having detected rats as reservoirs of Rickettsia typhi, it is important to assemble the current knowledge on the role of vertebrates in the rickettsial epidemiology. For the agent of Mediterranean spotted fever, R. conorii, dogs are thought to be an intermittent reservoir. R. rickettsii, the agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, is capable of infecting dogs, although, in this case they are most likely accidental hosts ; wild animals are the more probable reservoirs. R. felis is the cause of emerging spotted fever in humans ; studies showed that opossums in the USA may be its reservoir. Finally, hematophagous arthropods are considered to be the principal vectors and reservoirs for rickettsiae, although vertebrates may be secondary reservoirs in particular ecosystems that favour the persistence of rickettsiae and in which humans may become accidentally infected.