Shell repair in Anticalyptraea (Tentaculita) in the late Silurian (Pridoli) of Baltica

Shell repair is common in the late Silurian (Pridoli) encrusting tentaculitoid tubeworm Anticalyptraea calyptrata from Saaremaa, Estonia (Baltica), and is interpreted here as a result of failed predation. A. calyptrata has a shell repair frequency of 29 % (individuals with scars) with 17 specimens. There is probably an antipredatory adaptation, i.e. extremely thick vesicular walls, in the morphology of Silurian Anticalyptraea. The morphological and ecological evolution of Anticalyptraea could thus have been partially driven by predation.