Lobular Capillary Hemangioma in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review

Pyogenic granuloma is one of the inflammatory hyperplasias seen in the oral cavity as a tissue response to irritation, trauma or hormonal imbalances. It is a common tumor-like growth of the oral cavity or skin that is considered to be non neoplastic in nature [1]. There are two kinds of PG namely lobular capillary hemangioma and non lobular capillary hemangioma type which differ in their histological features [2]. Clinically these lesions usually present as single nodule or sessile papule with smooth or lobulated surface and are red, elevated and usually ulcerated [3]. They may also develop rapidly, reach full size and then remain static for a time and later becomes fibrotic and indistinguishable from a fibroma [4]. The peak prevalence is in teenagers and young adults, with a female predilection of 2:16. The increased incidence of these lesions during pregnancy may be related to the increased levels of estrogen and progesterone [5]. Pyogenic granuloma of the oral cavity is known to involve the gingiva commonly (75% of all cases). Vilmann et al. [6] described that pyogenic granulomas can be of few millimetres to several centimetres in size and commonly involve maxillary labial gingival. Uncommonly it can occur on the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, palate and so on [7]. Treatment involves excision of the lesion with histopathologic evaluation. One important point about pyogenic granuloma that should be emphasized is careful monitoring during surgery because of its vascular nature leading to profuse bleeding.