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Phylogenomic and Domain Analysis of Iterative Polyketide Synthases in Aspergillus Species
Author(s) -
Shu-Hsi Lin,
Miwa Yoshimoto,
PingChiang Lyu,
Chuan Yi Tang,
Masanori Arita
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
evolutionary bioinformatics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.502
H-Index - 32
ISSN - 1176-9343
DOI - 10.4137/ebo.s9796
Subject(s) - nonribosomal peptide , polyketide , polyketide synthase , biology , gene , computational biology , genetics , biosynthesis
Aspergillus species are industrially and agriculturally important as fermentors and as producers of various secondary metabolites. Among them, fungal polyketides such as lovastatin and melanin are considered a gold mine for bioactive compounds. We used a phylogenomic approach to investigate the distribution of iterative polyketide synthases (PKS) in eight sequenced Aspergilli and classified over 250 fungal genes. Their genealogy by the conserved ketosynthase (KS) domain revealed three large groups of nonreducing PKS, one group inside bacterial PKS, and more than 9 small groups of reducing PKS. Polyphyly of nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS)-PKS genes raised questions regarding the recruitment of the elegant conjugation machinery. High rates of gene duplication and divergence were frequent. All data are accessible through our web database at http://metabolomics.jp/wiki/Category:PK.

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