Competitive intelligence lessons Hurricane Katrina can teach: what are intelligence failings and how they can be overcome?

The recent tragic events unfolding after Hurricane Katrina hit the US east coast has once again raised thoughts about and debate around the value of early warning and, in particular, what happens when one has early warning or intelligence of an impending threat or opportunity and then does nothing with that warning. Why does it seem as if the decision makers in the US were totally unprepared for the magnitude of the disaster? Was there ample warning that was not heeded? Can one learn from other events such as the December 2004 tsunami and the events of 11 September 2001? Will Hurricane Katrina take a prominent position in the history of intelligence failures? This article will attempt to answer that question.