Runoff generation processes in a Mediterranean research catchment (Sardinia)

In recent decades the hydrological community has increasingly improved its understanding of the runoff generation in river basins. Since Horton (1933), numerous studies have investigated these mechanisms at the plot, hillslope and catchment scale (e.g.: Betson, 1964; Dunne and Black, 1970; Pilgrim et al ., 1978; Kirkby, 1978; Mosley, 1979; Beven, 1989; Anderson and Burt, 1991). The primary processes that have been observed and described to explain runoff generation in a catchment area are: (1) Hortonian Overland Flow (HOF), which occurs when rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil; (2) Saturation Overland Flow (SOF), which occurs when the storage capacity of the soil is exceeded and defines the concept of contributing saturated areas, which expand as rainfall volume increases; Saturated Subsurface Flow (SSF), which occurs when the water in the soil flows along lateral paths and thus contributes to streamflow as return flow from the groundwater aquifer.