Interactions between CKD and MetS and the Development of CVD

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of a combination of metabolic disorders, including increased abdominal circumference, hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, and lipid disorders. MetS is now widely accepted as a crucial risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. In addition, persistent proteinuria indicating chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well known as a powerful risk factor for the progression of end-stage renal disease and CVD. In recent years, patients with CKD and MetS appear to be increasing along with increasing incidence of CVD in industrial countries. In order to ameliorate cardiovascular mortality, it is essential to extend comprehensive treatments for patients with CKD and MetS. Although those disorders may be partly formed by a certain common pathological basis, there is insufficient knowledge of the underlying interplay between the pathological conditions and CVD. For this special issue, we asked front-line researchers and authors to submit original research and review articles on the interactions between CKD and MetS and the development of CVD. Finally, we were able to publish 10 review articles and 4 original research articles that provide pivotal evidence for understanding the pathophysiological relationships among the disorders on a clinical basis and a molecular basis. The following articles will serve very useful treatment strategies for promoting worldwide public health.