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Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) that signal through FGF receptors(FGFRs) regulate a broad spectrum of biological functions, including cellularproliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. The FGF signal pathways are theRAS/MAP kinase pathway, PI3 kinase/AKT pathway, and PLCγ pathway, among which theRAS/MAP kinase pathway is known to be predominant. Several studies have recentlyimplicated the in vitro biological functions of FGFs for tissue regeneration. However,to obtain optimal outcomes in vivo, it is important to enhance the half-life of FGFs andtheir biological stability. Future applications of FGFs are expected when the biologicalfunctions of FGFs are potentiated through the appropriate use of delivery systems andscaffolds. This review will introduce the biology and cellular functions of FGFs anddeal with the biomaterials based delivery systems and their current applications for theregeneration of tissues, including skin, blood vessel, muscle, adipose, tendon/ligament,cartilage, bone, tooth, and nerve tissues

Fibroblast Growth Factors: Biology, Function, and Application for Tissue Regeneration