A Comparative Study of HLA Binding Affinity and Ligand Diversity: Implications for Generating Immunodominant CD8+ T Cell Responses

Conventional CD8(+) T cell responses against intracellular infectious agents are initiated upon recognition of pathogen-derived peptides presented at the cell surface of infected cells in the context of MHC class I molecules. Among the major MHC class I loci, HLA-B is the swiftest evolving and the most polymorphic locus. Additionally, responses restricted by HLA-B molecules tend to be dominant, and most associations with susceptibility or protection against infectious diseases have been assigned to HLA-B alleles. To assess whether the differences in responses mediated via two major HLA class I loci, HLA-B and HLA-A, may already begin at the Ag presentation level, we have analyzed the diversity and binding affinity of their peptide repertoire by making use of curated pathogen-derived epitope data retrieved from the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource, as well as in silico predicted epitopes. In contrast to our expectations, HLA-B alleles were found to have a less diverse peptide repertoire, which points toward a more restricted binding motif, and the respective average peptide binding affinity was shown to be lower than that of HLA-A-restricted epitopes. This unexpected observation gives rise to new hypotheses concerning the mechanisms underlying immunodominance of CD8(+) T cell responses.