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Immune cells of myeloid origin show robust expression of ATP-gated P2X7 receptors, two-transmembrane ion channels permeable to Na + , K + , and Ca 2+ Receptor activation promotes inflammasome activation and release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. In this study, we show that ATP generates facilitating cationic currents in monocyte-derived human macrophages and permeabilizes the plasma membrane to polyatomic cationic dyes. We find that antagonists of PLA 2 and Cl - channels abolish P2X7 receptor-mediated current facilitation, membrane permeabilization, blebbing, phospholipid scrambling, inflammasome activation, and IL-1β release. Our data demonstrate significant differences in the actions of ATP in murine and human macrophages and suggest that PLA 2 and Cl - channels mediate innate immunity downstream of P2X7 receptors in human macrophages.

ATP-Gated P2X7 Receptors Require Chloride Channels To Promote Inflammation in Human Macrophages