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Dendritic cells (DCs) have an important role in the activation of NK cells that exert direct antitumor and antimicrobial effects and can influence the development of adaptive T cell responses. DCs acquire NK cell stimulatory capacity after exposure to various stimuli. In this study we investigated the nature of the stimuli that confer to DCs the NK cell-activating capacity. After exposure of DCs to TLR-dependent and -independent microbial stimuli and to nonmicrobial stimuli, we evaluated the ability of activated DCs to elicit IFN-gamma production from NK cells in vitro and to promote NK cell activation in vivo. We show in this study that only TLR-dependent microbial stimuli typically associated with Th1 responses confer to DCs the ability to activate NK cells, whereas stimuli associated with Th2 responses do not have this property.

TLR-Dependent Activation Stimuli Associated with Th1 Responses Confer NK Cell Stimulatory Capacity to Mouse Dendritic Cells