English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Extracellular ATP and other nucleotides transmit signals to cells via surface-associated molecules whose binding sites face the extracellular milieu. Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase is such an ATP-binding enzyme that is expressed by activated lymphocytes. We have previously shown that nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs block the lytic activity of NK cells and CD8(+) T cells as well as their E-NTPDase activity. These results suggest that the hydrolysis of ATP may play a role in lymphocyte function. Here we report that E-NTPDase activity is up-regulated within 15 min of T cell stimulation and that reversible and irreversible enzyme inhibitors profoundly reduce secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4. TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-5 production showed intermediate sensitivity to these ATP analogs. Depletion of extracellular ATP also inhibited secretion of IFN-gamma, but not IL-4, supporting the interpretation that extracellular ATP is required for secretion of some, but not all, cytokines. E-NTPDase antagonists reduced transcription of IL-2 mRNA and inhibited TCR-mediated intracellular calcium flux. These results suggest that extracellular ATP plays an essential role in the TCR-mediated signal transduction cascade for expression of certain cytokine genes.

Secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ, But Not IL-4, by Antigen-Specific T Cells Requires Extracellular ATP