Cloning and Characterization of a Promoter Flanking the Early B Cell Factor (EBF) Gene Indicates Roles for E-Proteins and Autoregulation in the Control of EBF Expression

The early B cell factor (EBF) is a transcription factor shown crucial for the development of B lymphocytes. The protein is expressed from the earliest stages of B cell development until the mature B cell stage, but the control elements responsible for the regulation of the gene are unknown. In this study, we report of the identification of a promoter region flanking the EBF gene. Several transcription start sites were identified by primer extension analysis in a region approximately 3.1 kb from the predicted ATG. Transient transfections revealed that this region was able to stimulate transcription of a reporter gene in B lymphoid and to a lesser extent, myeloid cells, but not in a pre-T cell line. The promoter was also able to functionally interact with E47, suggesting that the EBF gene may be a direct target for activation by E-proteins. In addition, functional binding of EBF to its own promoter was confirmed by EMSA and transfection assays indicating that the EBF protein may be involved in an autoregulatory loop. Finally, a tissue-restricted factor was able to bind an upstream regulatory region in B-lineage cells, further supporting the idea that the cloned promoter participates in the regulation of stage and lineage specific expression of the EBF gene.