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There are conflicting opinions about the role that the T cell coreceptors CD4 and CD8 play in TCR binding and activation. Recent evidence from transgenic mouse models suggests that CD8 plays a critical role in TCR binding and activation by peptide-MHC complex multimers (tetramers). Here we show with a human CTL clone specific for a tumor-associated MHC-peptide complex that the binding of tetramers to the TCR on these cells is completely blocked by anti-human CD8 Abs. Moreover, the staining of CTLs with specific MHC-peptide tetramers simultaneously with anti-CD8 Abs was completely blocked with three different anti-CD8 Abs. This blockage was mediated by anti-CD8 Abs but not anti-CD3 Abs and was dose dependent. The blocking effect of the anti-CD8 Abs was attributable to directly inhibiting tetramer binding and was not attributable to Ab-mediated TCR-CD8 internalization and down-regulation. Our results have important implications in TCR binding to MHC-peptide tetramers. MHC-peptide tetramers are widely used today in combination with anti-CD8 Abs for the phenotypic analysis of T cell populations and in the study of T cell responses under various pathological conditions such as infectious diseases and cancer. Our results indicate that also in the human system CD8 plays a critical role in the interaction of MHC-peptide multimers with TCR.

Critical Role for CD8 in Binding of MHC Tetramers to TCR: CD8 Antibodies Block Specific Binding of Human Tumor- Specific MHC-Peptide Tetramers to TCR