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Asthma is a respiratory disorder characterized by airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and inflammation and is associated with high serum IgE and overproduction of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 by allergen-specific Th2 cells. Our previous studies demonstrated that heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKL) as an adjuvant in immunotherapy successfully reversed ongoing Ag-specific Th2-dominated responses toward Th1-dominated responses, but it was unclear if such immune modulation could reverse ongoing, established disease in target organs such as the lung. In this paper we show that a single dose of Ag plus HKL as adjuvant significantly reduced AHR in a murine model for asthma and reversed established AHR when given late after allergen sensitization. HKL as adjuvant also dramatically inhibited airway inflammation, eosinophilia, and mucus production, significantly reduced Ag-specific IgE and IL-4 production, and dramatically increased Ag-specific IFN-gamma synthesis. The inhibitory effect of HKL on AHR depended on the presence of IL-12 and CD8+ T cells and was associated with an increase of IL-18 mRNA expression. Thus, our results demonstrate that HKL as an adjuvant for immunotherapy mediates immune deviation from a pathological Th2-dominated response toward a protective immune response in peripheral lymphoid tissues and in the lungs and may be clinically effective in the treatment of patients with established asthma and allergic disease.

the journal of immunology/the journal of immunology

Vaccination with Heat-Killed<i>Listeria</i>as Adjuvant Reverses Established Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity and Inflammation: Role of CD8+ T Cells and IL-18

Vaccination with Heat-KilledListeriaas Adjuvant Reverses Established Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity and Inflammation: Role of CD8+ T Cells and IL-18