Molecular Basis of DNA Recognition in the Immune System | Zendy

Maninjay Atianand | Zendy; Katherine A. Fitzgerald | Zendy

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Molecular Basis of DNA Recognition in the Immune System

Author(s) -

Maninjay Atianand,

Katherine A. Fitzgerald

Publication year - 2013

Publication title -

the journal of immunology

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 2.737

H-Index - 372

eISSN - 1550-6606

pISSN - 0022-1767

DOI - 10.4049/jimmunol.1203162

Subject(s) - intracellular , biology , dna , nucleic acid , immune system , immunity , innate immune system , secretion , immunology , infectious disease (medical specialty) , dna vaccination , disease , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics , biochemistry , medicine , immunization , pathology

Recognition of microbial nucleic acids is one strategy by which mammalian hosts respond to infectious agents. Intracellular DNA that is introduced into cells during infection elicits potent inflammatory responses by triggering the induction of antiviral type I IFNs and the maturation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18. In addition, if nucleases, such as DNase II or DNase III (Trex1), fail to clear self-DNA, accumulated DNA gains access to intracellular compartments where it drives inflammatory responses leading to autoimmune disease. In this review, we discuss a rapidly evolving view of how cytosolic DNA-sensing machineries coordinate antimicrobial immunity and, if unchecked, lead to autoimmune disease.

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