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During B cell terminal differentiation, a complex set of transcription factors interact to drive the phenotypic and functional changes leading to the development of Ab-secreting cells (ASCs). The transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) is an essential part of one of the branches of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is induced when a cell has to handle large amounts of proteins, as is the case in ASCs. Although XBP-1 was initially also ascribed an indispensable function in plasma cell development, later studies of B cell-specific deletion reported a much milder consequence of XBP-1 deficiency. Our interest was to determine whether XBP-1 was integral for the differentiation of plasma cells. Using both in vitro and in vivo assays, we found efficient generation of ASCs in the absence of XBP-1. ASCs were present at normal frequencies in resting and immunized mice and displayed a pattern of surface markers typical for plasma cells. The absence of XBP-1 resulted in a reduction but not ablation of Ab secretion and the failure to develop the cellular morphology characteristic of ASCs. Thus, XBP-1 deficiency demonstrates that the gene regulatory program controlling plasma cell differentiation can proceed relatively normally in the absence of high rates of Ig secretion.

High Rate of Antibody Secretion Is not Integral to Plasma Cell Differentiation as Revealed by XBP-1 Deficiency