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NK cell receptors (NKRs) such as NK1.1, NKG2D, and Ly49s are expressed on subsets of CD1d-independent memory phenotype CD8(+) and CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells. However, the mechanism for the generation and functions of these NKR(+) T cells remained elusive. In this study, we found that CD1d-independent Ly49(+) T cells were reduced severely in the spleen, bone marrow, and liver, but not thymus, in mice doubly deficient for IFN regulatory factor-2 (IRF-2) and CD1d, in which the overall memory phenotype T cell population was contrastingly enlarged. Because a large fraction of Ly49(+) T cells coexpressed NK1.1 or NKG2D, the reduction of Ly49(+) T cells resulted indirectly in underrepresentation of NK1.1(+) or NKG2D(+) cells. Ly49(+) T cell deficiency was observed in IRF-2(-/-) mice additionally lacking IFN-α/βR α-chain (IFNAR1) as severely as in IRF-2(-/-) mice, arguing against the involvement of the accelerated IFN-α/β signals due to IRF-2 deficiency. Rather, mice lacking IFN-α/βR alone also exhibited relatively milder Ly49(+) T cell reduction, and IL-2 could expand Ly49(+) T cells from IFNAR1(-/-), but not from IRF-2(-/-), spleen cells in vitro. These results together indicated that IRF-2 acted in Ly49(+) T cell development in a manner distinct from that of IFN-α/β signals. The influence of IRF-2 deficiency on Ly49(+) memory phenotype T cells observed in this study suggested a unique transcriptional program for this T cell population among other NKR(+) T and memory phenotype T cells.

Differential Requirements for IRF-2 in Generation of CD1d-Independent T Cells Bearing NK Cell Receptors