MAPK Kinase 3 Specifically Regulates FcεRI-Mediated IL-4 Production by Mast Cells

Mast cells play a central role in allergic inflammation and are activated through cross-linking of FcεRI receptor-bound IgE, initiating a signaling cascade resulting in production of biologically potent mediators. Signaling pathways in the regulation of specific mediators remain incompletely defined. In this study, we examined the role of MAPK kinase 3 (MKK3) in IgE-dependent mast cell activation. In an in vivo model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, MKK3-deficient mice showed a deficit in late-phase IgE-dependent inflammation. To characterize the mechanism of this deficiency, we cultured bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) from wild-type and MKK3-deficient mice. We found that FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation induced rapid MKK3 phosphorylation by 5 min, diminishing slowly after 6 h. In MKK3-deficient BMMCs, phosphorylation of p38 was reduced at early and later time points. Among 40 cytokines tested using a protein array, IL-4 was the only cytokine specifically downregulated in MKK3-deficient BMMCs. Reduced IL-4 expression was seen in the local skin of MKK3-deficient mice following passive cutaneous allergic reaction. Furthermore, early growth response-1 (Egr1) bound to the promoter of IL-4 in FcεRI-activated mast cells, and Egr1 transcription factor activity was diminished in MKK3-deficient BMMCs. Finally, mast cell-deficient mice reconstituted with MKK3-deficient BMMCs displayed a significantly impaired late-phase allergic inflammatory response. Thus, mast cell MKK3 signaling contributes to IgE-dependent allergic inflammation and is a specific regulator of FcεRI-induced IL-4 production.