English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

TNF has been shown to be important for controlling many pathogens. Here, we directly demonstrate using wild-type TNF(-/-) and TNFR1(-/-) mice that TNF does play a role in protection against vaccinia virus (VV) infection in naive mice. Since VV replication is also partially controlled in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-immune C57BL/6J mice through the process of heterologous immunity, we questioned whether TNF was required in mediating this protection. VV-infected LCMV-immune mice that were TNF-deficient as a consequence of genetic deletion or receptor blockade demonstrated normal recruitment and selective expansion of cross-reactive LCMV-specific memory CD8 T cells and controlled VV infection similar to LCMV-immune mice having TNF function. This indicates that neither TNF nor lymphotoxin, which uses the same receptor, was required in mediating protective heterologous immunity against VV. Indeed, prior immunity to LCMV made the role of TNF in protection against VV infection much less important, even under conditions of lethal dose inoculum. Thus, heterologous immunity may help explain why treatment of patients with anti-TNF compounds is reasonably well tolerated with relatively few infectious complications.

Resistance to Vaccinia Virus Is Less Dependent on TNF under Conditions of Heterologous Immunity