Geographic distribution and ecology of two species ofOrsillus(Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) associated with cones of native and introduced Cupressaceae in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin
Author(s) -
Gaëlle Rouault,
Raffaella Cantini,
Andrea Battisti,
Alain Roques
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
the canadian entomologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.397
H-Index - 43
eISSN - 1918-3240
pISSN - 0008-347X
DOI - 10.4039/n04-044
Subject(s) - biology , cupressaceae , cupressus , mediterranean basin , chamaecyparis , botany , ecology , mediterranean climate , pollen
470 Abstract—In the Mediterranean Basin, two species of true seed bugs in the genus Orsillus Dal- las, O. maculatus Fieber and O. depressus Mulsant et Rey, share the exploitation of seed cones of Cupressaceae for feeding and reproduction and may carry spores of the pathogenic fungus Seiridium cardinale Sutton & Gibson, responsible for the cypress bark canker disease. We com- pared the life history of the two species. A total of 89 cone collections carried out in 10 Mediter- ranean countries confirmed that O. maculatus is most closely associated with Cupressus sempervirens L., although it may also infest some other Cupressus L. species and, more rarely, species of Chamaecyparis Spach. Orsillus depressus appears to be less host-specific, being capable of feeding and ovipositing on most of the native and exotic species of Juniperus L., Cupressus, and Chamaecyparis .O nC. sempervirens, the abundance of each Orsillus species fol- lows an inverted longitudinal gradient along the Mediterranean Basin, probably corresponding to the pathway of introduction of this tree species from its native eastern range towards western Eu- rope. The dominance of O. maculatus progressively decreases from east to west, whereas O. depressus becomes dominant in the Iberian Peninsula. By contrast, O. depressus is the domi- nant seed bug on other Cupressaceae all over Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. In the area in which C. sempervirens has been introducted, both Orsillus species may live on the same tree, but morphological variability of both adults and nymphs often hinders accurate identification of the species. Based on frequency distribution, the relative length of the rostrum compared with that of the body seems to be a diagnostic character for specific identification of nymphs of the last two instars. Résumé—Dans le Bassin Méditerranéen, deux punaises des graines du genre Orsillus Dallas, O. maculatus Fieber et O. depressus Mulsant et Rey, se partagent l'exploitation des cônes de Cu- pressacées pour leur nutrition et leur reproduction. Ces deux espèces transportent les spores d'un champignon pathogène, Seiridium cardinale Sutton & Gibson, responsable de la maladie du chancre cortical du cyprès. Le cycle biologique respectif des deux espèces est comparé. L'analyse de 89 récoltes de cônes réalisées dans 10 pays méditerranéens a confirmé que O. ma- culatus est plus étroitement associée à Cupressus sempervirens L. bien qu'elle puisse aussi se re- trouver sur d'autres espèces de Cyprès et, mais plus rarement, de Chamaecyparis Spach. Orsillus depressus semble plus oligophage, étant capable de se nourrir et de se reproduire sur la plupart des espèces natives et exotiques de Cupressacées. Sur C. sempervirens, l'abondance relative de chaque espèce suit un gradient longitudinal inversé le long du Bassin Méditerranéen, qui corres- pond vraisemblablement à la route d'introduction de l'essence-hôte depuis son aire d'origine orientale vers l'Europe occidentale. La dominance d'O. maculatus décroît progressivement d'est
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