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The article discusses the educational and constructive context of architects at the turn from the 19th to the 20th century. This context was characterized by the architect’s proximity or distance to the engineer. It identifies when the distinction between the two fields became pressing and shows how it represented an important strategy to guarantee a very personal national “character” of modern architecture in Rio de Janeiro and its specific program, more than merely to establish rights and obligations of each profession. The concern with the professional specificity, image and relevance helped strengthen the architectural profession at the end of the 1950s, a time when the construction of Brasilia represented the highpoint of creativity and the plastic-formal “exceptionalness” of the architect of Rio de Janeiro. At the same time, the engineer became the architect’s provider of technical building expertise. Key words: academic teaching, professional field of architects, modern architecture in Rio de Janeiro.

Estabelecendo a diferença, 1931-1951: o arquiteto moderno carioca demarca seu campo