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This paper presents a hybrid finite element model for describing quantitatively the thermal responses of skin tissue under laser irradiation. The model is based on the boundary integral-based finite element method and the Pennes bioheat transfer equation. In this study, temporal discretization of the bioheat system is first performed and leads to the well-known modified Helmholtz equation. A radial basis function approach and the boundary integral based finite element method are employed to obtain particular and homogeneous solutions of the laser-tissue interaction problem. In the boundary integral based finite element formulation, two independent fields are assumed: intra-element field and frame field. The intra-element field is approximated through a linear combination of fundamental solutions at a number of source points outside the element domain. The frame temperature field is expressed in terms of nodal temperature and the corresponding shape function. Numerical examples are considered to verify and assess the proposed numerical model. Sensitivity analysis is performed to explore the thermal effects of various control parameters on tissue temperature and to identify the degree of burn injury due to laser heating.

Transient bioheat simulation of the laser-tissue interaction in human skin using hybrid finite element formulation.