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In the recent past, the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture has substantially increased throughout the world. But, because of over demand of fertilizers, increase in cost of energy, the cost of fertilizers, both in terms of currency and energy, has been rising tremendously and will continue to rise. Moreover, excessive use of fertilizers is leaving bad to worse impacts on the soil and water body environment. Therefore, the concept of using VAM fungi as a bio fertilizer, in terms of cost effectiveness, energy saving and as environment friendly, is a promising perspective. The significance of VAM in augmenting food production is far and wide, therefore these can be used in sustainable agriculture. Mycorrhizae are the root-symbionts which obtain their nutrients from the plant and provide mineral elements like N, P, K, Ca, S and Zn to the host plant. This review is an attempt to explore the suppressing abilities of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) against soil borne pathogens (root feeding nematodes and fungi), infecting various crops. We also determined the capabilities of AMF to increase the productivity of cereal crops, fruits and vegetable crops and highlighted future research directions in mycorrhizal technology.

Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) Fungi: A Tool for Sustainable Agriculture