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Background/aim: Nocardia  is an opportunistic pathogen that mostly affects hosts with immune deficiencies. Recently, the widespread  use of immunosuppressive agents and antitumor drugs has led to an increasing number of  Nocardia  infections being reported. However,  it  is  difficult  to  confirm  this  diagnosis  owing  to  the  slow  growth  of  the  bacterium  and  its  complex  resultant  clinical  manifestations,   potentially delaying treatment and increasing mortality. Thus, further knowledge on the clinical characteristics of  Nocardia  infection  is  required.  Hence,  this  study  aimed  to  review  the  demographics,  comorbidities,  clinical  presentation,  microbiology,  treatment,  and   outcomes of  Nocardia  infections in Yantai. Materials  and  methods: This  is  a  retrospective  study  including  32  patients  identified  to  have   Nocardia   infection  from  the  Yantai   Yuhuangding Hospital. The relevant patient samples were collected by two researchers, while the other researchers analyzed the relevant  data. Results: The male to female ratio among the 32 patients was 3:5, and 23 patients (71.9%) were immunocompromised. Pulmonary sites  of  infection  were  the  most  common  (65.6%  of  patients).   N.  brasiliensis   infections  were  present  in  25.0%  and   N. asteroides   infections   were present in 21.9% of patients. Because of limited biotechnological resources,  Nocardia  spp. in 50.0% of cases were not classified. The  TMP-SMX resistance rate among isolates was 9.4%. All isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ceftriaxone, and imipenem. Conclusion: In  Yantai,  immunocompromised  patients  predominate  among  cases  of   Nocardia   infection.  The  rate  of  occurrence  was   higher in females than in males. Because of potential TMP-SMX resistance, treatment for  Nocardia  infection should be based on drug  susceptibility or should include combination therapy.

Microbiological and clinical data analysis of 32 patients with Nocardia infections in Yantai