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The genus Adonis L. is a member of Ranunculaceae and consists of perennial and annual herbaceous plants included in the tribe Adonideae under the subfamily Ranunculoideae. Botanically, Ranunculaceae comprises vital medicinal plants. Molecular markers are one of the most effective tools for exploring genetic variation that can enhance breeding efficiency. To identify the genetic diversity of 62 Adonis ecotypes collected from different regions in Turkey, the interprimer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon system was used. Of the 83 iPBS primers used, 10 provided sufficient polymorphic data, generating a total of 204 alleles. The number of iPBS bands per individual was 3.29, and the number of alleles per polymorphic locus ranged from 8 to 35, with an average of 20.30. The average polymorphism percentage was 99.50%, and polymorphic information content ranged from 0.16 to 0.39. The highest average number of alleles, Nei’s genetic diversity (h), and Shannon’s information index (I) were obtained from A. volgensis species (1.64, 0.39, and 0.58, respectively), whereas the lowest values (1.41, 0.29, and 0.46, respectively) were found in A. flammea species. The analysis of molecular variance revealed significant variance within the population (71%), whereas no significant genetic variation was observed among the different species (29%). Cluster analysis according to unweighted pair-group mean average (UPGMA) divided 62 Adonis ecotypes into four major clusters. According to the principal coordinate analysis, the first three principal coordinates accounted for 81.51% of total variation. Genetic structure analysis of the studied germplasm using the Bayesian method revealed four subpopulations with an average of 0.2634 for expected heterozygosity and 0.2154 for population differentiation measurements. The results of this study suggested that iPBS markers could be used in the identification of genetic diversity among the Adonis species.

turkish journal of botany

Genetic structure and diversity of Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) populations collected from Turkey by inter-primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon markers