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The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, 1793 (2n = 20) is an  economically important mollusc species cultured throughout the world.  The most frequently used technique for molecular cytogenetic studies is  fluorescence in situ hybridisation which offers new opportunities for  the identification of oyster chromosomes. In oysters, it has been used  to locate telomeric sequences, satellite DNA, simple sequence repeats,  ribosomal RNA genes, and bacteriophage P1 clones. However, regarding  chromosome identification, no study has been done with histone H3 gene.  Histone H3 is among the most conserved eukaryotic proteins. Most histone  H3 genes are repeatedly organised into clusters, which make them an  ideal chromosomal marker. In bivalves, some data exist concerning  sequence information but little knowledge is available concerning the  physical mapping of histone genes. The histone H3 gene was sequenced in  C. gigas and phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. gigas was more  closely related to Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758 and species of the genus  Mytilus Linnaeus, 1758. In C. gigas, the histone H3 gene was mapped on  two different pairs of chromosomes, one at an interstitial site on the  long arm of chromosome pair 4, and the other on the telomeres of the  smaller chromosome pair (pair 10). Polymorphism was detected on the  telomeres of pair 10, once it was possible to observe single or double  signals. Comparative chromosomal mapping should improve our  understanding of bivalve genome organisation

Histone H3 gene in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, 1793: molecular and cytogenetic characterisations